485(?) "Homer, poet and historian". * Astrology, funeral customs [165] * Egyptian revolt quelled Herodotus' Histories, book 3: summary and comments by Jona Lendering: Seventh logos: the Persian conquest of Egypt (3.1-60) In the first logos of the third book, Herodotus returns to the beginning of … * Cyaxeres {625-585} (Scythians rule for 28 years {634-606}) (1.1–5) Herodotus. David Grene 1987. Other peoples: Issedones, Hyperboreans [290], goat-footed men, harsh winters, snow [290],  His work holds up very well when judged by the yardstick of modern scholarship. To read The History (Herodotus' only book) is to seek one's roots as a member of Western democratic civilization. The Taurians [318], Neuri werewolves, Man-Eaters [319], Amazons [321], warrior women Sauromatians. Herodotus will give his account, starting with the four nations between the two seas, then describing the Asian peninsula. * The captured King Psammenitus shows pity on a beggar [216] * Sparta refuses to help Aristagoras invade Persia [375] * Lydian customs and "facts" to power. Likely because The Histories was the widest-ranging attempt to document past events that had been undertaken up to that time, the Latin writer Cicero (106-43 B.C.E.) [citation needed] Although not a fully impartial record, it remains one of the West's most important sources regarding these affairs. * Medes revolt & is united by Deioces ruling from Ecbatana (modern Iran) {704-647} Aristagoras attacks and burns Sardis. He traveled the eastern Mediterranean and beyond to do research into human affairs: from Greece to Persia, from the sands of Egypt to the Scythian steppes, and from the rivers of Lydia to the dry hills of Sparta. to the Egyptians with Proteus- tale rejected by Homer [178] Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian. He is often referred to as "The Father of History… * Croesus' son Atys killed by Adrastus accidentally in boar hunt, after Atys insists in going along. Our division of the Histories in nine "books" goes back to an edition by scholars of the third century BCE, working in the great library of Alexandria. Herodotus' Histories has it all: tales of war, eyewitness travel writing, notes on flora and fauna and accounts of fantastic creatures such as winged snakes. X comes to tears as he meditates on the shortness of life while viewing his great army and ships. Many of his "facts" are fantastical or bizarre (and can be enjoyed as fables or tall tales). [139] * Tale of Scythians feeding Cyaxeres boy's meat and fleeing to Lydia [67] Histories Book 9 Summary & Analysis Book 9 Summary In Book 9, Herodotus concludes his account of the Persian invasion of Greece under Xerxes and Mardonius. * Prexaspes reveals the deception and kills himself. * Corinth- Periander [397] {625}, the corruption of absolute power At the beginning of The Histories, Herodotus sets out his reasons for writing it: Here are presented the results of the enquiry carried out by Herodotus of Halicarnassus. His narrative ability is one of the reasons...those who call Herodotus the father of history. Summary Of And Commentary On Herodotus' Histories, Book 7 . * Aristagoras appeals to Athens [378]. He sends a spy mission to Greece- Democedes escapes. [173] Opening alludes to Homer, suggests epic scale and purpose (memorialization). * Sardis captured [72], Croesus' dumb son speaks out to save his father [73] Introduction. Athos from the mainland [478]. * Inland Libyans: Ammonians, ..., Atlantes (near Mt Atlas); nomadic customs [350] Having introduced Cyrus as Croesus's conqueror, Herodotus relates Cyrus's rise and that of … * Otanes succeeds Megabazus as general and captures Byzantium, Lemnos, etc. * Darius slays the magis and Smerdis Harpagus is fed his son when Astyages learns of the deception. Greeks flee Athens and navy gathers at Salamis. * Persians pillage Phocis, Boeotia Medizes [568]. The heroic battles near Athens- at Marathon (490 BCE), Thermopylae, Salamis, and finally Plataea (479 BCE) were classical Greek's crowning military achievements, and Herodotus was determined to record these great deeds for future generations (particularly in view of the ignominious and disastrous Peloponnesian Wars that followed). At the same time it is conceived that the freedom and variety of Herodotus is not always best reproduced by such severe consistency of rendering as is perhaps desirab… Homer and Hesiod 400 yrs earlier [155] • The rapes of Io, Europa, and Medea, which motivated Paris to abduct Helen. Herodotus Histories Book II The Second Book of the Histories, Called Euterpe 1. * Delphic Pythia foretells vengeance in the 5th generation of Gyges descendants [38] * Cambyses goes mad, kills his brother Smerdis and his sister-wife, has epilepsy, slays Prexaspes' son, tries to kill Croesus, opens tombs * Xerxes wife Amestris' atrocities against Masistes' wife whom Xerxes had fallen in love with) Furthermore, what he narrates shows us that all the problems we are facing in this world right now originated long time ago. "[47] Croesus sends him away. Signup for your Free trial to The Great Courses Plus here: http://ow.ly/diiG30oC0LkThere is much to do, and many unknowns on our horizon! book, a "must" read in the Western canon. And then there is the sheer narrative power of his writing...The old master keeps calling us back.[3]. * Persian customs * Digression on Spartan kings' rights [428], Spartan descent from Egypt ?, Spartan culture * Carians, Caunians, Lycians Candaules, King of Lydia, shews his wife by stealth to Gyges…, "2,500 Years Ago, Herodotus Described a Weird Ship. * Abduction of Tyre (in Phoenicia) king's daughter Europa by Greeks (Cretans)  * Greeks decide to fight (against overwhelming odds) at the narrow pass of Thermopylae In-text: (Summary of and commentary on Herodotus' Histories, book 7, 2015) Your Bibliography: Livius.org. * Darius demands submission from Greeks- Aegina submits (gave earth and water) Od. Darius is elected king by his horse! * Cr invades Syrian Cappadocia & is captured by Cyrus {546} [66-69] * Mardonius launches land force {492}, enslaves Macedonia, shipwrecks at Athos, returns ingloriously This is a report of great and wonderful deeds by Greeks and Barbarians. Summary of Herodotus This is a chapter-by-chapter summary, with occasional notes, of the Histories of Herodotus, based mostly on the translation by Peter Greene (1987), with occasional reference to translations by A.D. Godley (1920), Aubrey de Sélincourt (1954), and Andrea Purvis (2007), by Jonathan Good of Reinhardt University. * Phoenicians abduct Io (Isis) daughter of king of Argos to Egypt (or did she go willingly?). Artabazus flees. Women do not play much of a role in this book written some 2420 years ago [c. 425 BCE]. * Battle at Marathon: Persians are guided by Hippias, son of Pistratus, to Attica, landing at Marathon. They instead escape to Lacedaemonia & plead for help to the taciturn Spartans. (2) Variety and universality of human experience and existence The History of Herodotus By Herodotus Written 440 B.C.E Translated by George Rawlinson. * Past attacks of Sparta on Athens X4 [381-7], Athens attack on Boeotia and Chalcis The Medes(in the west of modern Iran) were the first to shake off the yoke of the Histaeus prevents the Ionian guards from breaking up the bridge over the Ister (urged by the Scythians) and Darius escapes [311]. Yet his writing is remarkably even-handed, providing many examples of good and evil acts on both sides. [2] Written in 430 BC in the Ionic dialect of classical Greek, The Histories serves as a record of the ancient traditions, politics, geography, and clashes of various cultures that were known in Greece, Western Asia and Northern Africa at that time. * Darius vows revenge on Athens Essays for The Histories. Darius sneaks back to the Ister. * Tale of Arion saved by the dolphin [42] Otanes slaughters citizens after Charilaus fights back. Hide browse bar Your current position in the text is marked in blue. * The army [492], the navy [498] includes Artemisia - 5,000,000 men in all [503] 9.1", "denarius") All Search Options [view abbreviations] Home Collections/Texts Perseus Catalog Research Grants Open Source About Help. He explains his theory that it is the Athenians who ensured the freedom of … [638] Mardonius killed. * A vision call Xerxes to war [474] and also comes to Artabanus A Greek who lived in the fifth century BC, Herodotus was a pathfinder. * Storm wrecks 400 Persian ships on coast of Magnesia [537] Athenians are led by Miltiades son of Cimon and 11 other generals. * Babylonian customs- compulsory sex at the temple of Aphrodite * Cyrus threatens the 12 Ionian cities of Panionium, first attacking Phocaea (attack led by Harpagus)- they flee to Corsica.[107]. The Histories essays are academic essays for citation. Greeks decide not to follow in pursuit. His principal aim was to … BCE - c. The Greek for “research” is historia, where our word “history” comes from ... Herodotus is a great historian. His family was wealthy and perhaps aristocratic, but while he was still quite young they were driven from the city by a tyrant named Lygdamis. Rivaling any best-selling potboiler of today, there are numerous depictions of savage and barbaric acts, of arrogance and hubris winning out over caution, of rage, envy, lust, greed, corruption, insanity, and other human failings that make up the fabric of history. * Persians envoys are slain in the court of the Macedonian king Amyntas [364] Megabates warns the Naxians. Written in 440 BC in the Ionic dialect of classical Greek, The Histories serves as a record of the ancient traditions, politics, geography, and clashes of various cultures that were known in Western Asia, Northern Africa and Greece at that time. Arist. * Lineage of the Alcmaeonidae [458]- Cleisthenes of Sicyon, Alcmaeon, Megacles, Cleisthenes, Pericles etc. exped. The culture of the Scythians: religion, burial rites, Darius's failed attack on Scythia and consequent retreat, The story of the Minyæ (descendants of the, The reorganizing of the Athenian tribes by, Aristagoras's failed request for help from Sparta, and successful attempt with Athens, The burning of Sardis, and Darius's vow for revenge against the Athenians, The abandonment of the Ionian fleet by the, The defeat of the Ionian fleet by the Persians, The destruction of 300 ships in Mardonius's fleet near, The order of Darius that the Greeks provide him, The history behind Sparta having two kings and their powers, The arrest of the traitors in Aegina by Cleomenes and the new king, The suicide of Cleomenes in a fit of madness, possibly caused by his war with, The Spartans late arrival to assist Athens, The death of Miltiades after a failed attack on, The defeat of the Egyptian rebels by Xerxes. * Aristagoras appeals to Athens and wins their support to send ships fight the Persians. Likely because The Histories was the widest-ranging attempt to document past events that had been undertaken up to that time, the Latin writer Cicero (106-43 B.C.E.) * Atossa, Darius' wife, urges him to attack Greece. Heads to Sparta for help from Cleomenes * Abduction of Helen of Lacedaemonia by Alexander (Paris) of Troy and subsequent destruction of Troy [34] The History of Herodotus has been divided into the following sections: Book I [299k] Book II [249k] Book III [221k] Book IV [230k] Book V [162k] Book VI [174k] Book VII [286k] Book VIII [179k] The History of Herodotus has been divided into the following sections: Book I [299k] Book II [249k] Book III [221k] … Xerxes punishes the waters with lashes and fetters and beheads the supervisors! * Themistocles appeals to the Ionians and Carians fighting for Persians [564] (4) Respect for others beliefs and in the sacred Free Greeks fight slaves [550]. His invasion of Egypt leads Hdt. How the Egyptian Pharaoh Psammetichus (c. 660 BC) used child speech to research the question of which was the oldest civilization, and found it to be Phrygia (2). * Rivalry of Demaratus and Cleomenes, kings of Sparta [432]. Cleomenes' madness [438] With lucid prose, Herodotus's account of the rise of … * Battle at Plataea {479} 110,000 Greeks against 700,000 barbarians + 50,000 allies. * Harpagus incites Cyrus to revolt against Media {559} [88] Herodotus was a Greek historian born in Halicarnassus, subject at the time of the great Persian Empire. * Ancient history [171] * Peoples of the Peloponnese [581] Samos falls to Persia. In Book 1, Herodotus announces his purpose to memorialize the great and marvelous deeds of the Greeks and their barbarian neighbors, … The Greek historian Herodotus (490/480-425 B.C. The work is divided into nine sections, or "books". * Phraortes {647-625} The Legacy of ‘The Histories’ Herodotus was a Greek writer and geographer credited with being the first historian. * Greek origins of the Macedonians [364] Herodotus’s History is an account of the Greco-Persian Wars (499–479 BCE) and the story of the growth and organization of the Persian empire. * Astyages (Median, rules {585-529}) fears a dream and marries his daughter to a Persian, Cambyses. I also recommend the excellent introduction Bridging the Hellespont at Abydos [482] ends in destruction. In book 6 of Herodotus’ Histories, the Spartan king Leotychides tells the following story to the Athenians. * Abduction of Colchis king's daughter Medea by Greeks (Jason) He is writing from the male perspective at a time when humankind was viewed as subject to the unknowable mysteries of Divine purpose and fate, and life was pretty grim even for the men. The aim of the translator has been above all things faithfulness—faithfulness to the manner of expression and to the structure of sentences, as well as to the meaning of the Author. Its title is simply The Histories. * First to subdue and enslave Ionians, Aeolians, and Dorians in Asia Minor. Aristagoras plans to revolt from the Persians, encouraged by a secret messenger from Histaeus of Miletus [371]. * Croesus ignores warning [65] A delightful new translation of what is widely considered the first work of history and nonfiction. (3) Incomprehensible destiny and interrelationships among diverse things * Animals [160]- hippos, crocs, Phoenix, winged serpents [163] * Pyramids of Cheops [186] He often speaks from firsthand experience gleaned from his extensive travels, and supplements where necessary with secondary sources, always carefully distinguishing the two. * Croesus counsels Cyrus * Mycinergus' incest with his daughter Like “Such was the number of the barbarians, that when they shot forth their arrows the sun would be darkened by their multitude." Miletus falls {494}, women and children enslaved and taken to Susa. He was born in 484 B.C., or perhaps a few years earlier, in Halicarnassus, a small Greek city on the coast of Asia Minor. Problems of democracy and amateur fighters vs. Persian Military discipline [413]. * Aryandes sends an expedition to conquer Libya [354], besieges Barca. The Histories incorporate folklore, legend, mythic motifs, and literary patterns in a grand narrative that reveals the influence of fate and the divine, as well as individual agency, in human affairs and emphasizes the instability of human happiness and fortune. His stories share a … The Histories open with a prologue in which the author announces that he will describe the conflict between the Greek and the non-Greek peoples (= Persians) and will explain how they came … * Gods- Isis [148], phallic procession, Greek gods came from the Egyptians [153] and some rituals from the Pelasgians. History of Athens Pisitratids * Festivals of Bubastis, Ares, Busiris [158] * Herodotus' world view, Phoenicians circumnavigate Africa [296], the Ister (Danube) [298],  * 20 Persian satrapies summary- Indians eat their dead, ants as big as foxes, ... * Sennacherib of Assyria defeated by mice [193] HERODOTUS. * Athenians besiege Sestos * Athenians return home Little is known of Herodotus's life beyond what can be deduced from his writings. * Croesus inquires of status of Greek cultures to win friendship with- digression on Athenian Pisistratus [57-61] & Lacedaemonians/Spartans [61-5] It is in part a gripping and much revered tale of colossal confrontation between freedom-loving Greek-speaking peoples (the Athenians, Spartans, and others) and the seemingly unstoppable forces of the Persians. * Miltiades' futile attack on Paros, later dies. Herodotus has a wonderful, gossipy style that makes reading these histories more fun than studying the rise of the Persian Empire and its clash with Greece—however, that’s exactly what readers will do in this engaging history, which is full of interesting digressions and asides. * Greek doctor Democedes heals Darius' twisted ankle c. 9.1", "denarius") All Search Options [view abbreviations] Home Collections/Texts Perseus Catalog Research Grants Open Source About … Now that title is one that he richly deserves. Persians retreat to their fort and are massacred. Miltiades persuades the other generals to fight. Astyages orders her son (Cyrus) to be slain by Harpagus, but he turns Cyrus over to a shepherd. * Athens value democracy [389] c. 48 likes. * Cambyses wounds himself and dies; "Smerdis" succeeds but later is discovered because he has no ears. Artabanus counsels against this [471] - "for the god loves to thwart whatever is greater than the rest... there is good in hesitation...." Xerxes angrily denounces this advice. Theras of Lacedaemonia colonizes Thera (in Cyclades); Battus of Thera colonizes Libyan coast 7th century - Cyrene. Yet much of what he describes has apparently stood the test of time, particularly when it is recognized that Herodotus places great emphasis on the importance of myth as a shaper of civilizations, regardless of its objective "truth". 2015. [110] Corinthians join because of grudge over Samian rescue of Corcyrean boys being sent to Persia for castration by Periander of Corinth (Corinth had colonized Corcyra) [233]. * Xerxes retreats with his army, leaving Mardonius to winter in Thessaly and his ships to overwinter in Cyme and Samos * The Ionians are defeated and Athens gives up supporting them. Ruled at peak of Lydian empire from Sardis (5) Desire to preserve the great events of heroism was born on the southwest coast of Asia Minor in Halicarnassus, which was at that time a Greek-speaking city ruled by Artemisia, queen of Caria, under the overlordship of the Persian Empire. This version of The Histories is by A. D. Godley, first published in 1920. * Thessaly [510], Thebans, Melians pledge loyalty to the Persians ("Medize") Herodotus tries in 700 pages to sum up all that a well-informed Greek such as himself could learn about the real world, at least its geography, nations, cultures, flora and fauna, and mythical origins. Attack on Delphi [569]. Egypt. Cicero called Herodotus "the father of history," and his only work, The Histories, is considered the first true piece of historical writing in Western literature. Book Two. The Egyptians in agreement with their climate, which is unlike any other, and with the river, which shows a nature different from all other rivers, established for themselves manners and customs in a way opposite to other men in almost all matters: for among them the women frequent the market and carry on trade, while the men remain at home and weave; and whereas others weave … The advice given to Xerxes on invading Greece: The dreams of Xerxes in which a phantom frightens him and Artabanus into choosing invasion, The preparations for war, including building the, The request by Pythius to allow one son to stay at home, Xerxes's anger, and the march out between the butchered halves of Pythius's son, The destruction and rebuilding of the bridges built by the, The siding with Persia of many Greek states, including, The destruction of 400 Persian ships due to a storm, The small Greek force (approx. The Histories also stands as one of the earliest accounts of the rise of the Persian Empire, as well as the events and causes of the Greco-Persian Wars between the Persian Empire and the Greek city-states in the 5th century BC. * Thracian customs- sacrifice of favorite wives Herodotus portrays the conflict as one between the forces of slavery (the Persians) on the one hand, and freedom (the Athenians and the confederacy of Greek city-states which united against the invaders) on the other. 3.50-3) W elcome. Greeks squabble. * Themistocles advocates battle at Salamis rather than Isthmus of Corinth Summary. II:35. BCE Herodotus was a resident of Halicarnassus (modern Bodrum in Turkey) and wrote The Histories of Herodotus, a Greek history of the Persian invasion of Greece in the early fifth century BCE. Herodotus and the Ends of the World Herodotus, born ca. Critics such as Thucydides, the guy who wrote The History of the Peloponnesian War, argue that Herodotus stuck a ton of folklore and fables into the historical narrative to make it seem more interesting. He goes from the cosmos to the atom, ranging between fate and the gods, on the one hand, and the ability of the individual to make a difference, on the other. Aristodemus of Sparta survives but is scorned at home. The Histories is “a timeless masterpiece,” says one modern writer.“In it dwells not only history but anthropology, geography, theology, philosophy, political science, and tragic drama.” Herodotus of Halicarnassus (c.480-c.429 BCE): Greek researcher, often called the world's first historian. * Greeks attack Thebes because they had supported Persia Scraps of History. X prefers to take risks. Ἰστορίαι = The Histories, Herodotus The Histories of Herodotus is the founding work of history in Western literature. 420(?) * Source of the Nile = "Libya" [141]  Take the time to study the maps in the back of Grene's translation as you read this book, in order to make sense of the sometimes arcane geographical details that are so important to the full understanding of The History. Herodotus, a Greek from the city of Halicarnassus in Asia Minor (today’s Bodrum in Turkey), published his Histories sometime between 426 and 415 BCE. Numbers provided in square The Histories (Greek: Ἱστορίαι; Ancient Greek: [historíai̯]; also known as The History[1]) of Herodotus is considered the founding work of history in Western literature. Polycratres sends untrusted exiles to Egypt ostensibly to help Cambyses. Bridging the Bosporus with boats (Euxine Sea> Bosporos> Propontis> Hellespont). 485(?) The Histories was at some point divided into the nine books that appear in modern editions, conventionally named after the nine Muses. 450 B.C. The inhabitants of regions beyond Scythia: A comparison of Libya (Africa), Asia, and Europe. 490 BC in Halicarnassus, in Asia Minor, to a prominent family, left, either exiled or a voluntary expatriate, when a tyranny was established in his city … Out of arrogance, X. orders digging of a channel separating Mt. Although we have the benefit of hindsight, the map is – comparatively speaking – fairly accurate given the limitations of the 5th century B.C. * Visit of Solon of Athens: Tales of the men "most blessed of all" [45] "So, Croesus, man is entirely what befalls him... To me it is clear that you are very rich ..., but I cannot say of you of yet until I hear that you have brought your life to an end well. * Cyrus attacks the Massagetae (on the Asian steppes W of the Caspian); their customs (get drunk on fruit). There are many fine and sobering morality tales to be enjoyed, such as that of Croesus, King of Lydia, who was advised by the oracle: "if he made war on the Persians he would destroy a mighty empire." We finally get into the conflicts betwixt Greece and Persia. * Oracle says a wall of wood and Salamis will save Athens- Themistocles orders ship building Assyrian/Median/Persian History * Debate over whether to have a democracy or a tyranny [247]. There are a few great Queens, priestesses, and heroines, and some villainesses and seductresses, but for the most part this is a story about the deeds of men, and women tend to be depicted more as property and accessories than as principals. Leonidas dies. * Campaign to Greece begun {480}. * Young Cyrus acts like a king, is brought to Astyages. Herodotus, a Greek from the city of Halicarnassus in Asia Minor (today’s Bodrum in Turkey), published his Histories sometime between 426 and 415 BCE. {525} Essays for The Histories. Demaratus flees to Persia [426] and Leotychides succeeds him. Herodotus. The History of Herodotus By Herodotus Written 440 B.C.E Translated by George Rawlinson. Opening alludes to Homer, suggests epic scale and purpose (memorialization). * Darius moves to Susa * Libyan colonial history [332]. Kim, Lawrence (2010). (1) Relatedness and unity of historical events over many generations Herodotus is the guy who invented history.So it's fitting that, through Herodotus' book, the English patient reveals his own history. * Darius invades Scythia (N of the Black "Euxine" Sea & N of the Danube-Ister) [311]. * Ionian revolt: Begins in Naxos and Miletus: Aristagoras asks Artaphrenes of Persia to invade Naxos, led by Megabates. Written primarily by students and provide critical analysis of the Histories of Herodotus ’ Histories in 480 B.C (. ' Histories, Herodotus relates the invasion of the herodotus: the histories summary which Herodotus provided About these nomadic peoples he the of... 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